Train Dispatchers

The Test Solution “Train Dispatchers” is used for aptitude testing of persons who work in train traffic control or who are applying for corresponding training. It can be used both for the selection of applicants and for the testing of existing staff. The selection of the assessed dimensions and the definition of the dimension weightings for calculating the overall score follow a systematic approach that combines operational requirements, empirical findings, and insights from related safety-critical domains.

While binding minimum requirements for psychological fitness exist for train drivers under EU Directive 2007/59/EC and several concrete standards are established internationally, the requirements for train dispatchers are considerably less specific (see Train Drivers). The EU Directive merely states that the psychological basic principles defined for train drivers may serve as guidance for other safety-relevant activities in rail transport. However, empirical findings show that performance failures in train traffic control are frequently attributable to deficits in attention, incorrect prioritization, and insufficient coping with psychological strain, with consequences ranging from delays of individual trains to serious accidents (Guo et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2021). For defining the dimension weightings, those psychological constructs were prioritized whose predictive validity for performance and safety behavior in train traffic control is best empirically supported: multi-tasking, cognitive flexibility, and working memory (Lei et al., 2021). In addition, findings from aptitude testing of air traffic controllers were considered, since both professional groups monitor safe and coordinated traffic operations, act under high information density and time pressure, and must make decisions with immediate safety relevance. Meta-analyses on air traffic control show that especially divided attention, working memory, communication skills, and stress tolerance resilience are associated with training and occupational success (Mouratille et al., 2022; Martinussen et al., 2000).

Personality dimensions receive moderate weightings, whereby emotional stability and agreeableness were weighted more strongly, as they contribute to maintaining safety-oriented behavior under strain and to promoting teamwork and communication performance (cf. findings from aviation psychology: Mouratille et al., 2022).

The Test Solution “Train Dispatchers” therefore comprises the following dimensions:

• Multi-tasking ability (M-Task)

• Working memory (SPAN)

• Logical reasoning, quantitative and verbal ability (INT)

• Sustained attention (TACO)

• Cognitive flexibility (TMT-B)

• Reactive stress tolerance (DT)

• Personality: conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness (FCB5)

The table below provides a complete overview of the specific weightings of the individual tests used to calculate the overall score for the Test Solution “Train Dispatchers”. Further information on the calculation and interpretation of the result of a testing can be found on the page: Notes on administration

For aptitude testing of train dispatchers, both a standard form - covering all cognitive and personality-related characteristics mentioned above - and a screening form are available. The screening form focuses on central cognitive dimensions (TACO, SPAN, TMT-B) and basic personality traits (FCB5), does not require additional hardware, and is open mode capable. Since no parallel form exists for multi-tasking ability, practice effects and familiarization with the material cannot be ruled out in open-mode administration; therefore, the convergently valid dimension divided attention is administered instead. The test duration of the standard form is approximately 114 minutes, and that of the screening form approximately 37 minutes.

References can be found here: Literature